Hardness Testing:
Hardness is the resistance of a material to localized deformation. The term can apply to deformation from indentation, scratching, cutting or bending. In metals, ceramics and most polymers, the deformation considered is plastic deformation of the surface.
For elastomers and some polymers, hardness is…
Welding of Stainless Steels:
General Concepts:
Stainless steels, resumed here in a general way, are defined as steel alloys, where the chromium content ranges from 10.5% to 30%. There are five distinct types of stainless steel:
Here are some rarely used NDT – Few Other Methods
1. Eddy Current Testing – ET:
Eddy-current inspection uses electromagnetic induction to detect flaws in conductive materials. A circular coil carrying current is placed in proximity to the test specimen (electrically conductive). The alternating current in…
We would see about Recommendations for Welding of Structural Steel as per AWS D1.1 , 2020 revision
Groove Weld: (Clause 4.4.1)
Weld Length : shall be the width of the parts joined , perpendicular to the direction of compressive or tensile stress,
Weld Size: Thickness of thinner…
The sole purpose of welding procedures is to describe the details that are to be followed in the welding of specific materials or type of joint. The following is a list of standard specifications for welding procedures that are normally covered in welding procedures…
Positions for Welding Pipe
For welding pipe in shops, power plants, oil refineries, and chemical plants for crude oil, gasoline, and natural gas, the same basic welding positions described previously are used.
Flat Butt Weld Pipe Position…
The NDT (nondestructive testing) methods are:
Visual Inspection – VT
Liquid Penetrant Testing – LT
Magnetic Particle Testing – MT
Radiographic Testing – RT
Ultrasonic Testing – UT
Eddy Current Testing – ET (not used in field inspection)
Acoustic Emission Testing – AET (not…
Welding Procedure Specification- WPS
This document details, how to qualify a welding procedure specification-wps for weld metal overlay / cladding / surfacing , for both corrosion resistance overlay and wear resistance overlay welding.
The reference standard selected for the purpose of qualification of cladding procedure and…
TASKS DURING WELDING OPERATIONS
Welding inspection during welding operations should
include all the audit parameters to verify that the welding is performed to the procedures. Such tasks may include the following:
Quality Assurance
Establish a quality assurance and quality control team
with the welding organization.
Quality control items to assess:
…
Standards for Piping Design and Inspection:
The original ASME B31 Code for
Pressure Piping was first introduced in 1935 as the single document for piping design.
In 1955, ASME began to separate the code into sections…