The procedure requirements for welding electrodes and preheating temperatures are as follows:
Welding must be done with the same process (SMAW or FCAW) used for qualification
If the operator has qualified on any of the steel permitted (ASTM A36 and A588), that same operator…
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. Forging is often classified according to the temperature: “cold”, “warm”, or “hot” forging.
Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to 580 metric tons. Forged parts usually…
1.1. Location of the Weld with Respect to Joint:
a.Arrow Side. Welds on the arrow side of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbols on the side of the reference line toward the reader.
Welding of Stainless Steels:
General Concepts:
Stainless steels, resumed here in a general way, are defined as steel alloys, where the chromium content ranges from 10.5% to 30%. There are five distinct types of stainless steel:
Here are some rarely used NDT – Few Other Methods
1. Eddy Current Testing – ET:
Eddy-current inspection uses electromagnetic induction to detect flaws in conductive materials. A circular coil carrying current is placed in proximity to the test specimen (electrically conductive). The alternating current in…
The sole purpose of welding procedures is to describe the details that are to be followed in the welding of specific materials or type of joint. The following is a list of standard specifications for welding procedures that are normally covered in welding procedures…
Positions for Welding Pipe
For welding pipe in shops, power plants, oil refineries, and chemical plants for crude oil, gasoline, and natural gas, the same basic welding positions described previously are used.
Flat Butt Weld Pipe Position…
Equipments and materials for NDT lab set up
Radiography Testing:
1) X-Ray tube head -450 kV capacity ( only if construction of a exposure room with approval from government is possible)
2) RT Films (D4 )
3) lead screen 0.125mm, 0.25 mm
4) Film casettes
5) set of IQI -wire…
Acceptance Criteria for Liquid Penetrant Testing -LPT as per ASME , AWS and API standards
Liquid penetrant testing simply called as PT. Sometimes Dye Penetrant Testing is a surface defect detection NDT method and is more sensitive to all kind of surface defects, such as…